Friction loss is the drop in water pressure that happens as water moves through pipes, fittings, valves, and hose due to resistance along the way. The farther water has to travel—and the more bends, smaller pipes, or rough pipe surfaces it passes through—the more pressure is lost. This can reduce flow and make it harder for sprinklers, standpipes, or fire hoses to deliver the needed water at the correct pressure. Ways to overcome friction loss include using larger diameter piping, reducing the number of bends and restrictions, keeping valves fully open, and maintaining pipes to prevent buildup or corrosion. Fire pumps are also commonly used to boost pressure, and looped or grid water distribution systems help improve water flow by providing multiple paths for water to reach the fire protection system.